01877nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001400215300001600229490000700245520134300252653001401595653001701609100002201626700001901648856004001667       1995                        eng d00aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae): Morphology, anatomy, and systematic significance0 aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae Orchidaceae Morphology anat  c1995/12//  a1473 - 14950 v823 aThe morphological and anatomical nature of perennating storage organs of the predominantly Australasian orchid tribe Diurideae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) as well as anatomical concepts in tribes Orchideae and Diseae of Orchidoideae have been problematic for 150 yr, reflected in conflicting or vague terminology and questions about polystely and even monophyly of Orchidoideae. From a representative survey of underground organs of 145 species in 37 ingroup genera (Diurideae) and two outgroup genera (Spiranthes and Disa), the so-called "root-stem tuberoids" are here interpreted as root tubers (except for the stem tubers of Rhizanthella) borne on either droppers or stolonoid roots. All root tubers examined are bounded by a 1-4 layered velamen and exodermis, whereas droppers and stolonoid roots may have velamen-exodermis or a simple epidermis depending on the taxon and often bear multiseriate or uniseriate trichomes associated with mycorrhiza (as do roots of some taxa). The "polystely" reported in tubers of many Orchideae also occurs in tubers of many Diurideae but represents only dissection of the siphonostele into 2-13 traces. Cladistic analyses of data show extraordinarily high levels of homoplasy in characters related to root, dropper/stolonoid root, and tuber, so that these characters alone are of limited usefulness.10aDiurideae10aRoot anatomy1 aPridgeon, Alec, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/244617602105nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001400200300001600214490000700230520141000237653001401647653002401661100001601685700001701701700002101718700002301739700002101762700002401783700001901807856004901826       2001                        eng d00aA phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data0 aphylogenetic analysis of Diurideae Orchidaceae based on plastid   c2001/01//  a1903 - 19140 v883 aDNA sequence data from plastid matK and trnL-F regions were used in phylogenetic analyses of Diurideae, which indicate that Diurideae are not monophyletic as currently delimited. However, if Chloraeinae and Pterostylidinae are excluded from Diurideae, the remaining subtribes form a well-supported. monophyletic group that is sister to a "spiranthid" clade. Chloraea, Gavilea, and Megastylis pro parte (Chloraeinae) are all placed among the spiranthid orchids and form a grade with Pterostylis leading to a monophyletic Cranichideae. Codonorchis, previously included among Chloraeinae, is sister to Orchideae. Within the more narrowly delimited Diurideae two major lineages are apparent. One includes Diuridinae, Cryptostylidinae, Thelymitrinae, and an expanded Drakaeinae; the other includes Caladeniinae s.s.. Prasophyllinae, and Acianthinae. The achlorophyllous subtribe Rhizanthellinae is a member of Diurideae, but its placement is otherwise uncertain. The sequence-based trees indicate that some morphological characters used in previous classifications, such as subterranean Storage organs, anther position, growth habit, fungal symbionts, and pollination syndromes have more complex evolutionary histories than previously hypothesized. Treatments based upon these characters have produced conflicting classifications, and molecular data offer a tool for reevaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses.10aDiurideae10aMolecular Phylogeny1 aKores, Paul1 aMolvray, Mia1 aWeston, Peter, H1 aHopper, Stephen, D1 aBrown, Andrew, P1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttps://acianthinae.myspecies.info/node/193002107nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001400200300001600214490000700230520141000237653001401647653002601661100001601687700001701703700002101720700002301741700002101764700002401785700001901809856004901828       2001                        eng d00aA phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data0 aphylogenetic analysis of Diurideae Orchidaceae based on plastid   c2001/01//  a1903 - 19140 v883 aDNA sequence data from plastid matK and trnL-F regions were used in phylogenetic analyses of Diurideae, which indicate that Diurideae are not monophyletic as currently delimited. However, if Chloraeinae and Pterostylidinae are excluded from Diurideae, the remaining subtribes form a well-supported. monophyletic group that is sister to a "spiranthid" clade. Chloraea, Gavilea, and Megastylis pro parte (Chloraeinae) are all placed among the spiranthid orchids and form a grade with Pterostylis leading to a monophyletic Cranichideae. Codonorchis, previously included among Chloraeinae, is sister to Orchideae. Within the more narrowly delimited Diurideae two major lineages are apparent. One includes Diuridinae, Cryptostylidinae, Thelymitrinae, and an expanded Drakaeinae; the other includes Caladeniinae s.s.. Prasophyllinae, and Acianthinae. The achlorophyllous subtribe Rhizanthellinae is a member of Diurideae, but its placement is otherwise uncertain. The sequence-based trees indicate that some morphological characters used in previous classifications, such as subterranean Storage organs, anther position, growth habit, fungal symbionts, and pollination syndromes have more complex evolutionary histories than previously hypothesized. Treatments based upon these characters have produced conflicting classifications, and molecular data offer a tool for reevaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses.10aDiurideae10amolecular systematics1 aKores, Paul1 aMolvray, Mia1 aWeston, Peter, H1 aHopper, Stephen, D1 aBrown, Andrew, P1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttps://acianthinae.myspecies.info/node/1925