02191nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001400198300001400212490000700226520144400233653002401677653001601701100002401717700001901741700002001760700001601780700001901796700001901815700002101834700001801855700002401873856004001897       1999                        eng d00aA Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae: Evidence from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences0 aPhylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae Evidence from rbcL Nucl  c1999/02//  a208 - 2240 v863 aCladistic parsimony analyses of rbcL nucleotide sequence data from 171 taxa representing nearly all tribes and subtribes of Orchidaccae are presented here. These analyses divide the family into five primary monophyletic clades: apostasioid, cypripedioid, vanilloid, orchidoid, and epidendroid orchids, arranged in that order. These clades, with the exception of the vanilloids, essentially correspond to currently recognized subfamilies. A distinct subfamily, based upon tribe Vanilleae, is supported for Vanilla and its allies. The general tree topology is, for the most part, congruent with previously published hypotheses of intrafamilial relationships; however, there is no evidence supporting the previously recognized subfamilies Spiranthoideae, Neottioideae, or Vandoideae. Subfamily Spiranthoideae is embedded within a single clade containing members of Orchidoideae and sister to tribe Diurideae. Genera representing tribe Tropideae are placed within the epidendroid clade. Most traditional subtribal units are supported within each clade, but few tribes, as currently circumscribed, are monophyletic. Although powerful in assessing monophyly of clades within the family, in this case rbcL fails to provide strong support for the interrelationships of the subfamilies (i.e., along the spine of the tree). The cladograms presented here should serve as a standard to which future morphological and molecular studies can be compared.10aMolecular Phylogeny10aOrchidaceae1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W1 aWhitten, W., M.1 aKores, Paul1 aJarrell, David1 aAlbert, Victor1 aYukawa, Tomohisa1 aHills, Harold1 aGoldman, Douglas, H  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/265693801877nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001400215300001600229490000700245520134300252653001401595653001701609100002201626700001901648856004001667       1995                        eng d00aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae): Morphology, anatomy, and systematic significance0 aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae Orchidaceae Morphology anat  c1995/12//  a1473 - 14950 v823 aThe morphological and anatomical nature of perennating storage organs of the predominantly Australasian orchid tribe Diurideae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) as well as anatomical concepts in tribes Orchideae and Diseae of Orchidoideae have been problematic for 150 yr, reflected in conflicting or vague terminology and questions about polystely and even monophyly of Orchidoideae. From a representative survey of underground organs of 145 species in 37 ingroup genera (Diurideae) and two outgroup genera (Spiranthes and Disa), the so-called "root-stem tuberoids" are here interpreted as root tubers (except for the stem tubers of Rhizanthella) borne on either droppers or stolonoid roots. All root tubers examined are bounded by a 1-4 layered velamen and exodermis, whereas droppers and stolonoid roots may have velamen-exodermis or a simple epidermis depending on the taxon and often bear multiseriate or uniseriate trichomes associated with mycorrhiza (as do roots of some taxa). The "polystely" reported in tubers of many Orchideae also occurs in tubers of many Diurideae but represents only dissection of the siphonostele into 2-13 traces. Cladistic analyses of data show extraordinarily high levels of homoplasy in characters related to root, dropper/stolonoid root, and tuber, so that these characters alone are of limited usefulness.10aDiurideae10aRoot anatomy1 aPridgeon, Alec, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/244617602105nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001400200300001600214490000700230520141000237653001401647653002401661100001601685700001701701700002101718700002301739700002101762700002401783700001901807856004901826       2001                        eng d00aA phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data0 aphylogenetic analysis of Diurideae Orchidaceae based on plastid   c2001/01//  a1903 - 19140 v883 aDNA sequence data from plastid matK and trnL-F regions were used in phylogenetic analyses of Diurideae, which indicate that Diurideae are not monophyletic as currently delimited. However, if Chloraeinae and Pterostylidinae are excluded from Diurideae, the remaining subtribes form a well-supported. monophyletic group that is sister to a "spiranthid" clade. Chloraea, Gavilea, and Megastylis pro parte (Chloraeinae) are all placed among the spiranthid orchids and form a grade with Pterostylis leading to a monophyletic Cranichideae. Codonorchis, previously included among Chloraeinae, is sister to Orchideae. Within the more narrowly delimited Diurideae two major lineages are apparent. One includes Diuridinae, Cryptostylidinae, Thelymitrinae, and an expanded Drakaeinae; the other includes Caladeniinae s.s.. Prasophyllinae, and Acianthinae. The achlorophyllous subtribe Rhizanthellinae is a member of Diurideae, but its placement is otherwise uncertain. The sequence-based trees indicate that some morphological characters used in previous classifications, such as subterranean Storage organs, anther position, growth habit, fungal symbionts, and pollination syndromes have more complex evolutionary histories than previously hypothesized. Treatments based upon these characters have produced conflicting classifications, and molecular data offer a tool for reevaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses.10aDiurideae10aMolecular Phylogeny1 aKores, Paul1 aMolvray, Mia1 aWeston, Peter, H1 aHopper, Stephen, D1 aBrown, Andrew, P1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttps://acianthinae.myspecies.info/node/193002186nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001400198300001400212490000700226520144400233653002401677653001101701100002401712700001901736700002001755700001601775700001901791700001901810700002101829700001801850700002401868856004001892       1999                        eng d00aA Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae: Evidence from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences0 aPhylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae Evidence from rbcL Nucl  c1999/02//  a208 - 2240 v863 aCladistic parsimony analyses of rbcL nucleotide sequence data from 171 taxa representing nearly all tribes and subtribes of Orchidaccae are presented here. These analyses divide the family into five primary monophyletic clades: apostasioid, cypripedioid, vanilloid, orchidoid, and epidendroid orchids, arranged in that order. These clades, with the exception of the vanilloids, essentially correspond to currently recognized subfamilies. A distinct subfamily, based upon tribe Vanilleae, is supported for Vanilla and its allies. The general tree topology is, for the most part, congruent with previously published hypotheses of intrafamilial relationships; however, there is no evidence supporting the previously recognized subfamilies Spiranthoideae, Neottioideae, or Vandoideae. Subfamily Spiranthoideae is embedded within a single clade containing members of Orchidoideae and sister to tribe Diurideae. Genera representing tribe Tropideae are placed within the epidendroid clade. Most traditional subtribal units are supported within each clade, but few tribes, as currently circumscribed, are monophyletic. Although powerful in assessing monophyly of clades within the family, in this case rbcL fails to provide strong support for the interrelationships of the subfamilies (i.e., along the spine of the tree). The cladograms presented here should serve as a standard to which future morphological and molecular studies can be compared.10aMolecular Phylogeny10aOrchid1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W1 aWhitten, W., M.1 aKores, Paul1 aJarrell, David1 aAlbert, Victor1 aYukawa, Tomohisa1 aHills, Harold1 aGoldman, Douglas, H  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/265693801851nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001400215300001600229490000700245520134300252653001701595100002201612700001901634856004001653       1995                        eng d00aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae): Morphology, anatomy, and systematic significance0 aSubterranean axes in tribe Diurideae Orchidaceae Morphology anat  c1995/12//  a1473 - 14950 v823 aThe morphological and anatomical nature of perennating storage organs of the predominantly Australasian orchid tribe Diurideae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) as well as anatomical concepts in tribes Orchideae and Diseae of Orchidoideae have been problematic for 150 yr, reflected in conflicting or vague terminology and questions about polystely and even monophyly of Orchidoideae. From a representative survey of underground organs of 145 species in 37 ingroup genera (Diurideae) and two outgroup genera (Spiranthes and Disa), the so-called "root-stem tuberoids" are here interpreted as root tubers (except for the stem tubers of Rhizanthella) borne on either droppers or stolonoid roots. All root tubers examined are bounded by a 1-4 layered velamen and exodermis, whereas droppers and stolonoid roots may have velamen-exodermis or a simple epidermis depending on the taxon and often bear multiseriate or uniseriate trichomes associated with mycorrhiza (as do roots of some taxa). The "polystely" reported in tubers of many Orchideae also occurs in tubers of many Diurideae but represents only dissection of the siphonostele into 2-13 traces. Cladistic analyses of data show extraordinarily high levels of homoplasy in characters related to root, dropper/stolonoid root, and tuber, so that these characters alone are of limited usefulness.10aRoot anatomy1 aPridgeon, Alec, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/244617602107nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001400200300001600214490000700230520141000237653001401647653002601661100001601687700001701703700002101720700002301741700002101764700002401785700001901809856004901828       2001                        eng d00aA phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data0 aphylogenetic analysis of Diurideae Orchidaceae based on plastid   c2001/01//  a1903 - 19140 v883 aDNA sequence data from plastid matK and trnL-F regions were used in phylogenetic analyses of Diurideae, which indicate that Diurideae are not monophyletic as currently delimited. However, if Chloraeinae and Pterostylidinae are excluded from Diurideae, the remaining subtribes form a well-supported. monophyletic group that is sister to a "spiranthid" clade. Chloraea, Gavilea, and Megastylis pro parte (Chloraeinae) are all placed among the spiranthid orchids and form a grade with Pterostylis leading to a monophyletic Cranichideae. Codonorchis, previously included among Chloraeinae, is sister to Orchideae. Within the more narrowly delimited Diurideae two major lineages are apparent. One includes Diuridinae, Cryptostylidinae, Thelymitrinae, and an expanded Drakaeinae; the other includes Caladeniinae s.s.. Prasophyllinae, and Acianthinae. The achlorophyllous subtribe Rhizanthellinae is a member of Diurideae, but its placement is otherwise uncertain. The sequence-based trees indicate that some morphological characters used in previous classifications, such as subterranean Storage organs, anther position, growth habit, fungal symbionts, and pollination syndromes have more complex evolutionary histories than previously hypothesized. Treatments based upon these characters have produced conflicting classifications, and molecular data offer a tool for reevaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses.10aDiurideae10amolecular systematics1 aKores, Paul1 aMolvray, Mia1 aWeston, Peter, H1 aHopper, Stephen, D1 aBrown, Andrew, P1 aCameron, Kenneth, M1 aChase, Mark, W  uhttps://acianthinae.myspecies.info/node/1925